All states›Self-Defense Classes and Safety Workshops›New York

Self-Defense Classes and Safety Workshops in New York

109 of the 2,550 martial arts schools we track in New York have self-defense training. Full listings for every city are on the New York page.

109schools
72cities
2,550schools statewide

This section lists martial arts studios offering dedicated self-defense instruction for adults and specialized women's safety courses. Programs range from single-day weekend workshops covering practical escape tactics to ongoing weekly classes focused on situational awareness and physical response. Before booking, confirm whether the curriculum focuses on scenario-based real-world defense or standard sport martial arts techniques.

New York 22

  1. Martial Arts Family Studio

    290 Mulberry Street, New York, NY 10012

    Mon-Fri 3pm-8pm, Sat 9am-3pm

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All New York

  2. Legacy Martial Arts Center

    1891 Victory Blvd, New York, NY 10314-3541

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  3. Tactical Studies Group

    301 W 108th St, New York, NY 10025

    by appointment

    BJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  4. Ronin Athletics

    265 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016-0971

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All New York

  5. NY Best Kickboxing

    247 W 35th St, New York, NY 10001

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All New York

  6. JKD NYC

    35 W 43rd St 4th Fl, New York, NY 10036

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All New York

  7. United Xtreme Martial Arts

    60-49 Myrtle Ave, New York, NY 11385

    Mon: 1:00pm - 9:00pm

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  8. JadeDragon Kung Fu

    28 W 27th St 8th Fl, New York, NY 10001

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  9. USA Martial Arts Fitness Center

    2704 White Plains Rd, New York, NY 10467-8113

    Kids classesFree trial class
    Call Website All New York

  10. USA Martial Arts Center

    1011 Castle Hill Ave, New York, NY 10472-6303

    Kids classesFree trial class
    Call Website All New York

  11. Karate-Do Ken Wa Kan

    34 W 15th St, New York, NY 10011

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  12. All State Global Karate DO

    61 W 23rd St Fl 2, New York, NY 10010

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  13. International Martial Arts Center

    98 3rd Ave, New York, NY 10003

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  14. Krav Maga Institute

    48 W 68th St, New York, NY 10023

    Kids classesBJJ / grappling
    Call Website All New York

  15. Krav Maga Institute NYC -Church Street

    25 Park Pl, New York, NY 10007

    Mon 9am-9pm, Tue 9am-9pm, Wed 9am-9pm, Thu 9am-9pm, Fri 9am-5pm, Sat 9am-2pm, Sun 9am-2pm, Mon 9am-9pm, Tue 9am-9pm, Wed

    Kids classesBJJ / grappling
    Call Website All New York

  16. Kajukenbo and Filipino Martial Arts Club

    501 5th Ave, New York, NY 10017

    Muay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Website All New York

  17. Stand Out

    380 Broadway, New York, NY 10013-6025

    MMA
    Call Website All New York

  18. Heights Judo Academy

    4450 Broadway, New York, NY 10040

    Karate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  19. Bedstuy Karate Do

    3 Sumpter St, New York, NY 11233-2101

    Karate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New York

  20. USA Martial Arts Fighting

    1877 Webster Ave, New York, NY 10457-6012

    Call Website All New York

  21. Chinese Hawaiian Kenpo Academy

    638 E 6th St, New York, NY 10009-6886

    Call Website All New York

  22. Purple Dragon International NY

    114-04 Rockaway Blvd, New York, NY 11420

    Call All New York

Staten Island 5

  1. Staten Island Judo Jujitsu Dojo

    10 Nassau Pl, Staten Island, NY 10307

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Staten Island

  2. Dragon Kim's Karate

    933 Richmond Ave, Staten Island, NY 10314-1501

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Staten Island

  3. Dragon Kim's Karate USA

    272 New Dorp Ln, Staten Island, NY 10306-3036

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Staten Island

  4. Karate USA

    599 Manor Rd, Staten Island, NY 10314-4521

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Staten Island

  5. AmeriKick Martial Arts

    341 Sand Ln, Staten Island, NY 10305-4500

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxing
    Call Website All Staten Island

Brooklyn 3

  1. Zarko Academy: The Premier Mixed Martial Arts, Self-Defense and Kickboxing School in Brooklyn

    5805 Avenue N, Brooklyn, NY 11234

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Brooklyn

  2. NY Martial Arts Academy Brooklyn

    184 N 8th St, Brooklyn, NY 11211-2006

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxing
    Call Website All Brooklyn

  3. Evolution H2H LLC

    434 Herkimer St, Brooklyn, NY 11213

    BJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Brooklyn

Rochester 3

  1. Rochester Top Team

    1900 S Clinton Ave, Rochester, NY 14618-5621

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxing
    Call Website All Rochester

  2. Northeastern Martial Arts

    Chili Paul Plaza, 3240 Chili Ave, Rochester, NY 14624

    12pm-9pm

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Rochester

  3. New Era Martial Arts LLC

    2199 E Henrietta Rd, Rochester, NY 14623

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxing
    Call Website All Rochester

Bronx 2

  1. Bronx Jiu-Jitsu

    1621 Crosby Ave, Bronx, NY 10461-5234

    9:00 AM - 10:00 AM

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxing
    Call Website All Bronx

  2. USA Martial Arts Center

    914 Prospect Ave, Bronx, NY 10459

    Kids classesFree trial class
    Call Website All Bronx

Brookhaven 2

  1. Bustos Martial Arts

    439 Hawkins Ave, Brookhaven, NY 11779-4239

    Saturdays after 3:30 PM , and Sundays after 1

    Kids classesFree trial classMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Brookhaven

  2. Lock Down Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu

    749 Hawkins Ave, Brookhaven, NY 11779-2208

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxing
    Call Website All Brookhaven

Buffalo 2

  1. SPAR Self Defense

    4685 Transit Rd, Buffalo, NY 14221-6022

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All Buffalo

  2. The Training Edge

    8200 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14221-6033

    Call Website All Buffalo

Kingston 2

  1. Self Defense Training Center & Club

    348 Broadway, Kingston, NY 12401

    Wednesdays - 7:00-7:30 PM

    Kids classesFree trial class
    Call Website All Kingston

  2. Downtown Grappling

    90 Abeel St, Kingston, NY 12401-6010

    Kids classesBJJ / grappling
    Call Website All Kingston

Manlius 2

  1. Impact Martial Arts and Fitness

    8240 Cazenovia Rd, Manlius, NY 13104-8813

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Manlius

  2. Master McDowell's World Class Taekwondo

    315 Fayette St, Manlius, NY 13104-1600

    Kids classesFree trial classKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Manlius

New Rochelle 2

  1. True ChampionZ Martial Arts

    20 Sicard Ave, New Rochelle, NY 10804-4131

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New Rochelle

  2. Hong Ik Martial Arts New Rochelle

    1335 North Ave, New Rochelle, NY 10804-2120

    Mon-Fri: 10:30am - 9:00pm

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All New Rochelle

Poughkeepsie 2

  1. National Martial Arts

    473 Violet Ave, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601-1033

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Poughkeepsie

  2. Precision Boxing & Mixed Martial Arts

    60 Firemens Way, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603-6524

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All Poughkeepsie

Victor 2

  1. Renaissance Martial Arts, Rochester NY

    3450 Winton Place, Victor, NY 14623

    Tue/Thu 7pm–8:30pm

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Victor

  2. Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Victor

    8050 Victor Mendon Rd, Victor, NY 14564-9029

    Kids classesBJJ / grappling
    Call Website All Victor

Albany 1

  1. Albany Krav Maga

    8 Corporate Cir, Albany, NY 12203-5186

    Wed 9:30am-12:30pm, Thu 4pm-7:30pm, Sat 9:30am-12:30pm

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Albany

Astoria 1

  1. LifeStyle Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Academy

    30-89 38th St, Astoria, NY 11103

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMMA
    Call Website All Astoria

Bay Shore 1

  1. Heijoshin Dojo

    271 W Main St, Bay Shore, NY 11706-8319

    Sat urday 9:00 AM

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Bay Shore

Beekman 1

  1. Family Martial Arts Studio

    2540 Route 55, Beekman, NY 12570-5115

    Karate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Beekman

Bellmore 1

  1. JitzLab Martial Arts

    1863 Newbridge Rd, Bellmore, NY 11710

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Bellmore

Binghamton 1

  1. FMK Karate

    782 Chenango St, Binghamton, NY 13901

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Binghamton

Camillus 1

  1. Tearney's Martial Arts LLC

    150 Township Blvd Ste 30, Camillus, NY 13031

    Mon-Thu 3pm-8pm, Fri 3pm-6pm

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Camillus

Clarkstown 1

  1. Workout Place

    110 Demarest Mill Rd W, Clarkstown, NY 10954-2921

    Kids classesFree trial classKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Clarkstown

Colonie 1

  1. Electric City BJJ

    7 Lombard St, Colonie, NY 12304-2510

    Monday 9:00 AM

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Colonie

Cortlandt Manor 1

  1. Shorei-Kan USA

    1062 Oregon Rd, Cortlandt Manor, NY 10567-1123

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Cortlandt Manor

Delmar 1

  1. Aikido School of Self Defense

    159 Delaware Ave, Delmar, NY 12054

    Kids classesFree trial classKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Delmar

Dover 1

  1. Britos Martial Arts LLC

    12 Furlong Rd, Dover, NY 12594-1862

    Kids classesFree trial classKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Dover

East Northport 1

  1. Nokado School of Self Defense

    214 Laurel Rd, East Northport, NY 11731-1416

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All East Northport

East Setauket 1

  1. Island Budokan Martial Arts Academy

    196 N Belle Mead Rd, East Setauket, NY 11733

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All East Setauket

Elmhurst 1

  1. United Xtreme Martial arts, Elmhurst

    81-15 Queens Blvd, Elmhurst, NY 11373

    Mon: 1:00pm - 9:00pm, Sat: 9:00am - 4:00pm

    Kids classesMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Elmhurst

Elmont 1

  1. Okinawa Karate Kobudo Kai

    1626 Dutch Broadway, Elmont, NY 11003-4446

    Sun 9:10am-10am, Mon 4pm-9:15pm, Tue 12pm-8pm, Wed 4pm-9:15pm, Thu 12pm-8pm, Fri 4pm-9:15pm, Sat 9:10am-2pm

    Kids classesFree trial classMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Elmont

Elmsford 1

  1. World Seido Karate Organization

    1 Parkway Plaza, Elmsford, NY 10523

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Elmsford

Farmingdale 1

  1. MAX Martial Arts & Fitness

    1741 Broad Hollow Rd, Farmingdale, NY 11735-1738

    Kids classesFree trial classMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Farmingdale

Farmingville 1

  1. Ryu Shu Kan Karate Kendo Judo Martial Arts Center

    1219 Waverly Ave, Farmingville, NY 11738-1337

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Farmingville

Fredonia 1

  1. Karate Connection

    168 Cushing St, Fredonia, NY 14063

    BJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Fredonia

Fresh Meadows 1

  1. New York Self Defense Academy

    161-10 Union Tpke, Fresh Meadows, NY 11366

    Kids classes
    Call Website All Fresh Meadows

Hamburg 1

  1. Sub Zero Jiu Jitsu

    1 Memorial Dr, Hamburg, NY 14075-6100

    Monday-Friday: Noon - 8pm

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grappling
    Call Website All Hamburg

Hicksville 1

  1. East Coast MMA & Fitness

    120 Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All Hicksville

Highland Lake 1

  1. Body, Mind, Training Center

    111 Highland Lake Rd, Highland Lake, NY 12743-5111

    Call Website All Highland Lake

Huntington 1

  1. Atomic Tae Kwon Do

    8 E Carver St, Huntington, NY 11743-3410

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Huntington

Islip 1

  1. Storm Krav Maga

    1626 Locust Ave, Islip, NY 11716-2159

    Monday: 8:00 AM-9:00 PM

    Free trial class
    Call Website All Islip

Jamaica 1

  1. USA Martial Arts Academy

    17231 Hillside Ave # 39, Jamaica, NY 11432

    Kids classesFree trial class
    Call Website All Jamaica

Jamestown 1

  1. Kinetix Combat Sports & Fitness

    1385 E 2nd St, Jamestown, NY 14701

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All Jamestown

Kings Park 1

  1. Nokado School of Self Defense

    48 Main St, Kings Park, NY 11754-2725

    Kids classes
    Call Website All Kings Park

Lagrangeville 1

  1. Hudson Valley Jiu-Jitsu

    1097 RT-55, Lagrangeville, NY 12540-5027

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All Lagrangeville

Larchmont 1

  1. Hiawatha Martial Arts Academy

    6 Depot Way W, Larchmont, NY 10538-3052

    Monday - 3:30 - 8:30 pm

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Larchmont

Margaretville 1

  1. Spirit Warrior Martial Arts

    2376 Route 6, Margaretville, NY 10940

    Muay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Margaretville

Massapequa Park 1

  1. American Black Belt Academy - American Karate, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu & Kickboxing

    4875 Merrick Rd, Massapequa Park, NY 11762

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Massapequa Park

Massena 1

  1. U.S. Combat Dojo

    70 E Hatfield St, Massena, NY 13662

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Massena

Nesconset 1

  1. Funk Fighting Academy

    80 Lake Ave S, Nesconset, NY 11767-1005

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All Nesconset

Niagara Falls 1

  1. Project Future Center

    2720 Niagara Falls Blvd, Niagara Falls, NY 14304

    Saturday 10 AM–3 PM

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Niagara Falls

Oneida 1

  1. Waterman's Martial Arts

    128 Phelps St, Oneida, NY 13421-1709

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Oneida

Ontario 1

  1. Kuk Sool Won

    392 State Route 104, Ontario, NY 14519-8948

    Kids classesFree trial classKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Ontario

Parma 1

  1. Williams Martial Arts Academy

    5247 Ridge Rd W, Parma, NY 14559-1111

    Monday / 5:00pm

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Parma

Plainview 1

  1. Max Fitness

    1530 Old Country Rd Unit 1, Plainview, NY 11803

    Kids classesFree trial classMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Plainview

Rego Park 1

  1. Genyukan Dojo

    63-44 Saunders St, Rego Park, NY 11374

    Mon-Fri 10:00am

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Rego Park

Sag Harbor 1

  1. Epic Martial Arts-EAST

    75 Main St, Sag Harbor, NY 11963-3013

    Call Website All Sag Harbor

Scarsdale 1

  1. Still Mind Aikido Westchester NY

    398 Central Park Ave, Scarsdale, NY 10583

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Scarsdale

Schenectady 1

  1. Electric City BJJ

    7 Lombard St, Schenectady, NY 12304

    Monday 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Schenectady

Seaford 1

  1. East Coast Karate

    3920 Merrick Rd, Seaford, NY 11783-2825

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Seaford

Sherrill 1

  1. Waterman's Martial Arts

    139 E Hamilton Ave, Sherrill, NY 13461

    Karate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Sherrill

South Glens Falls 1

  1. Matt Secor Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu

    131 Saratoga Ave, South Glens Falls, NY 12803

    Mon–Fri 9:30 AM – 11:00 AM

    Kids classesFree trial classBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All South Glens Falls

South Richmond Hill 1

  1. Universal Mixed Martial Arts

    114-10 Liberty Ave, South Richmond Hill, NY 11419

    Free trial classMMA
    Call Website All South Richmond Hill

Spencerport 1

  1. Williams Martial Arts Academy

    5110 W Ridge Rd, Spencerport, NY 14559-1110

    Monday / 5:00pm-8:00pm

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Spencerport

St James 1

  1. East Coast Karate

    733 Middle Country Rd, St James, NY 11780-3211

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All St James

Syracuse 1

  1. Duncan's Martial Arts Academy

    835 Hiawatha Blvd W, Syracuse, NY 13204-1126

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Syracuse

Tarrytown 1

  1. Hong Ik Martial Arts Tarrytown Headquarters

    10 Main St, Tarrytown, NY 10591-3614

    Mon-Fri: 10:30am – 9:00pm

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Tarrytown

Tonawanda 1

  1. Riederer's Kenpo Self-Defense Studio

    2468 Niagara Falls Blvd, Tonawanda, NY 14150-2900

    Kids classesFree trial classKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Tonawanda

Troy 1

  1. Chon-Ji Defensive Arts

    615 Pawling Ave, Troy, NY 12180

    Free trial classKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Troy

Tuckahoe 1

  1. USA Goju-Ryu Karate Do Inc. Tuckahoe, NY

    86 Main St, Tuckahoe, NY 10707-2913

    BJJ / grapplingKarate / taekwondo
    Call Website All Tuckahoe

Waterloo 1

  1. Transform Martial Arts & Fitness

    1963 Route 5 & 20, Waterloo, NY 13165-8437

    Kids classesKarate / taekwondoMMA
    Call Website All Waterloo

Williamson 1

  1. Kuk Sool Won

    4077 Main St, Williamson, NY 14589

    Kids classesFree trial class
    Call Website All Williamson

Williamsville 1

  1. Spar Self Defense

    4685 Transit Rd, Williamsville, NY 14221

    Kids classesBJJ / grapplingMuay thai / kickboxingMMA
    Call Website All Williamsville

Wolcott 1

  1. Kuk Sool Won of Wolcott

    11807 W Main St, Wolcott, NY 14590

    Kids classesFree trial class
    Call Website All Wolcott

Yonkers 1

  1. USA Martial Arts

    29 S Broadway, Yonkers, NY 10701-3706

    Kids classesFree trial class
    Call Website All Yonkers
Check age and gender restrictions before registering, as many specialized women's or teen self-defense seminars have strict attendance requirements.

Also in New York

Good to know

How much do self-defense classes usually cost?

Single-day workshops typically cost between $25 and $75 per participant for a 2-to-4-hour session. Ongoing monthly membership programs range from $100 to $180 per month, often including access to regular martial arts classes.

Do I need prior martial arts experience to join?

No, beginner self-defense courses require zero prior martial arts or combat experience. Instructors teach simple, high-leverage movements and situational awareness concepts designed for people of all fitness levels.

What should I wear to my first self-defense class?

Wear flexible athletic clothing such as a t-shirt, athletic pants or leggings, and clean sneakers. Remove all jewelry, watches, and hair accessories with sharp edges before training to prevent injury during practical drills.

How to lose body fat percentage?

Reducing body fat percentage involves maintaining a moderate energy deficit while engaging in strength training and high-calorie combat sports. Regular practice in disciplines like MMA or Muay Thai builds lean tissue while driving down overall body fat. Users in New York can browse 109 verified martial arts academies offering structured weight management programs.

How to drain fluid from ear?

Draining fluid from an ear—often caused by trauma such as cauliflower ear in grappling—requires sterile medical aspiration using a syringe followed by a compression wrap. Performing this procedure at home without medical expertise carries a severe risk of infection and permanent cartilage deformity. Practicing martial artists in New York should consult qualified medical professionals or ask coaches at one of the 109 listed local academies for proper sports health protocols.